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Optimizing Architectural Apartment Layout to Reduce Plumbing Cost
Project Location: San Jose, CA
Type: Multifamily
Net Internal Area: 315,000 ft²
Number of Apartments: 380
CASE #2
3D model of the project, produced by Swapp
This is the second case study in a series of case studies with Harris,
$2.2MM
In Savings on a Multifamily Project


Fabrication process for plumbing modular assembly by Harris.
For contractors, field labor costs are the biggest component of the bid cost and carry the greatest productivity risk. Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, provide opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor cost. MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible because it makes their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to-back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.
Working with the Harris estimators, we determined that plumbing costs can be reduced by 35% because less productive field labor is replaced with efficient shop labor. For a multifamily building of 315,000 square feet in a region, like San Jose, with high labor costs of $111 per hour, the cost savings are $2,235,000.
The total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000.
This represents a savings in field labor
of 17,000 hours, or 26 weeks of crew time on site! Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.
When the detailed shop drawings are developed we often find that back-to-back bathroom arrangements eliminate the need to lower ceiling heights so that sloped, horizontal waste piping can fit above the ceiling to run from a bathroom to a main waste riser. Keeping ceilings higher without increasing the floor to floor height provides benefits in both cost and aesthetics.
Swapp’s in-house MEP engineers have 50 years of combined experience in MEP design, cost estimating, and construction.
We’ve partnered with Harris, one of the nation’s leading mechanical contractors, for consulting expertise from their highly skilled team specializing in design and engineering, construction, building automation, and manufacturing.
Avenir Light is a clean and stylish font favored by designers. It's easy on the eyes and a great go to font for titles, paragraphs & more.
Avenir Light is a clean and stylish font favored by designers. It's easy on the eyes and a great go to font for titles, paragraphs & more.
Avenir Light is a clean and stylish font favored by designers. It's easy on the eyes and a great go to font for titles, paragraphs & more.

$2.2MM
This is the second case study in a series of case studies with Harris,
$2.2MM
In Savings On A Multifamily Project
Let’s talk Numbers:
The total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000. This represents a savings in field labor of 17,000 hours, or 26 weeks of crew time on site! Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.
When the detailed shop drawings are developed we often find that back-to-back bathroom arrangements eliminate the need to lower ceiling heights so that sloped, horizontal waste piping can fit above the ceiling to run from a bathroom to a main waste riser. Keeping ceilings higher without increasing the floor to floor height provides benefits in both cost and aesthetics.
Swapp’s in-house MEP engineers have 50 years of combined experience in MEP design, cost estimating, and construction.
We’ve partnered with Harris, one of the nation’s leading mechanical contractors, for consulting expertise from their highly skilled team specializing in design and engineering, construction, building automation, and manufacturing.
For contractors, field labor costs are the biggest component of the bid cost and carry the greatest productivity risk. Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, provide opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor cost. MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible because it makes their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to-back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.
Working with the Harris estimators, we determined that plumbing costs can be reduced by 35% because less productive field labor is replaced with efficient shop labor. For a multifamily building of 315,000 square feet in a region, like San Jose, with high labor costs of $111 per hour, the cost savings are $2,235,000.
3D model of the project, produced by Swapp

This is the second case study in a series of Case Studies with Harris.
$2.2MM IN SAVINGS ON A MULTIFAMILY PROJECT
Smart Plumbing Design
$2.2MM IN SAVINGS ON A MULTIFAMILY PROJECT
Smart Plumbing Design
This is the second case study in a series of Case Studies with Harris.
Smart Plumbing Design

3D model of the project, produced by Swapp


Swapp’s algorithms and highly automated systems quickly calculate optimal floor plan layouts to create stacked and back-to-back bathrooms while at the same time designing apartments with plans that tenants want. Stacking back-to-back bathrooms vertically saves plumbing installation cost and adds leasable floor space that would otherwise be allocated to shafts.
For Contractors, field labor costs are the biggest component of the bid cost and carry the greatest productivity risk. Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, provide opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor cost.
MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible because it makes their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to-back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies,
loaded into the building,
and connected with simple fittings between floors.
Working with the Harris estimators, we determined that plumbing costs can be reduced by 35% because less productive field labor is replaced with efficient shop labor. For a multifamily building of 315,000 square feet in a region, like San Jose, with high labor costs of $111 per hour, the cost savings are $2,235,000.
For Contractors, field labor costs are the biggest component of the bid cost and carry the greatest productivity risk. Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, provide opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor cost. MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible because it makes their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to-back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.
Working with the Harris estimators, we determined that plumbing costs can be reduced by 35% because less productive field labor is replaced with efficient shop labor. For a multifamily building of 315,000 square feet in a region, like San Jose, with high labor costs of $111 per hour, the cost savings are $2,235,000.
The total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000. This represents a savings in field labor of 17,000 hours, or 26 weeks of crew time on site! Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.
When the detailed shop drawings are developed we often find that back-to-back bathroom arrangements eliminate the need to lower ceiling heights so that sloped, horizontal waste piping can fit above the ceiling to run from a bathroom to a main waste riser. Keeping ceilings higher without increasing the floor to floor height provides benefits in both cost and aesthetics.
$2.2MM IN SAVINGS ON A MULTIFAMILY PROJECT
Smart Plumbing Design

This is the second case study in a series of Case Studies with Harris.
About the project
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Client: Name
Year: 2023
The total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000.
This represents a savings in field labor of 17,000 hours,
or 26 weeks of crew time on site! Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.
When the detailed shop drawings are developed we often find that back-to-back bathroom arrangements arrangements eliminate the need to lower heights so that sloped, horizontal waste piping can fit above the ceiling to run from a bathroom to a main waste riser.
Keeping ceilings higher without increasing the floor to floor height provides benefits in both cost and aesthetics.
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CASE #2
Optimizing Architectural Apartment Layout to Reduce Plumbing Cost
Project Location: San Jose, CA
Type: Multifamily
Net Internal Area: 315,000 ft²
Number of Apartments: 380

3D model of the project, produced by Swapp
3D model of the project, produced by Swapp
_edited_edited.jpg)
3D model of the project,
produced by Swapp


Piping Modular Assemblies Designed and Fabricated By Harris.
Working with the Harris estimators and field personal, we determined that plumbing costs can be reduced by 35% because less productive field labor is replaced with efficient shop labor. For a multifamily building of 315,000 square feet in a region, like San Jose, with high labor costs of $111 per hour, the cost savings are $2,235,000.



NINA ADAMS IS AN INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER BASED IN SF
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For Contractors field labor costs are the biggest component of the bid cost and carry the greatest productivity risk.
Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, provide opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor cost.
MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible because it makes their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to- back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.

$2.2MM
SAVINGS ON
A MULTIFAMILY PROJECT
This is the second Case study in a series of Case Studies with Harris.

Project Location: San Jose, CA
Type: Multifamily
Net Internal Area: 315,000 ft²
Number of Apartments: 380
Case Study #2
Optimizing Architectural Apartment Layout to Reduce Plumbing Costs
SWAPP’s AI and advanced automated, optimized algorithms quickly calculated optimal floor-plan layouts, creating stacked and back-to-back bathrooms while simultaneously designing apartments with plans that tenants appreciate.
Stacking back-to-back bathrooms vertically saves plumbing-installation costs and adds leasable floor space that would otherwise be allocated to shafts.

For Contractors, field labor is the largest cost component of a bid and carries the greatest productivity risk. Smart architectural layouts, integrated with MEP design, deliver opportunities for a high degree of prefabrication and reduced field labor costs.
MEP contractors are eager to prefabricate as much as possible to make their bids more competitive.
When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to-back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.

Piping Modular Assemblies Designed and Fabricated By Harris.

When the bathrooms are stacked with a back-to- back arrangement the plumbing systems can be prefabricated as modular assemblies, loaded into the building, and connected with simple fittings between floors.

The total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000.
This represents a savings in field labor of 17,000 hours,
or 26 weeks of crew time on site! Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.

As a result, the total cost of bathroom piping rough-ins are $4,149,000 compared to the original estimate of $6,384,000.
This represents a savings in field labor of 17,000 hours, or 26 weeks of crew time on site!
Bathroom walls, fixtures and trim are no longer on the project schedule’s critical path and an earlier project completion date may be realized.
For a multifamily building of 315,000 ft² in a region like San Jose with high labor costs of $111 per hour, Cost Savings Reach $2,235,000.
Working with the Harris estimators
35%
Reduction in plumbing costs due to efficient shop labor

Designing for maximum ceiling heights WITHOUT increasing floor-to-floor heights provides benefits in terms of cost and aesthetics. Back-to-back, stacked bathroom arrangements preserve maximum ceiling heights. SWAPP’s detailed design modeling arranges the main piping risers to eliminate routing horizontal, sloped piping above ceilings. This design coordination creates maximum ceiling heights without increasing the building’s floor-to-floor heights.